Supply chain management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words - 1

Flexibly chain the board - Essay Example 1). This paper will examine what a gracefully chain is and how directors can successfully and effectively create positive mix and reaction of its tasks and administrations. Watchman and gracefully esteem examination Michael Porterâ (1980) placed that there are esteems required in the operational chain of an association or an industry to accomplish certain serious influence and preferred position (p. 12). Doorman proposed that assessing the inner elements and exercises of an association will increase the value of the flexibly, item, and administrations cost-efficientlyâ€targeting that this will increase peripheral incentive for items or administrations (Porter, 1980, p. 20; Fawcett, Ellram and Ogden, 2007, p. 15). On the off chance that the business tasks, advertising, deals, and frameworks are smoothened, it is normal that the organization will increase minimal incentive for these items and administrations (Gadde and Hakansson, 2001, p. 1). This blocked the way that the organizat ion can plan and recognize the focused on showcase where their items and administrations can be conveyed acceptably and in less cost (Porter, 1980, p. 20). Specialists fought that if supervisors can solidly apply the flexibly chain examination well as a force apparatus for vital arranging, the authoritative and hierarchical model can be applied and be reached out in the whole gracefully chain and conveyance systems (Porter, 1985, p. 3). Consequently, it must be comprehended that the effective conveyance of item and the resulting monetary prize it can create for the association (Porter, 1985, p. 3). Business planners in like manner opined that the most ideal worth must be accomplished if the importance of the procedures in all stages is esteemed and if appropriate synchronization of every single related movement is likewise sensibly synchronized (Hugos, 2006, p. 1; Christopher, 2005, p.20; Gadde and Hakansson, 2001, p. 10). Doorman (1985) refered to a case of the utilization of signi ficant worth chain investigation drove by an assembling industry. The organization gained crude materials and streamlined them in the creation of a specific item esteemed valuable and requested by the market. The organization connect with retailing ventures and introduced the items advantageously to focused clients either through commercial or any type of thorough advancement to speak to its clients its helpfulness and the involving administrations it could bolster them (Mindtools, 2013, p. 1). Regularly, the retailers will bundle the advancement and utilization of the items to which it focused to disseminate. Porter’s equation on this is demonstrated as follows (Mindtools, 2013, p. 1): Value Created and Captured †Cost of Creating that Value = Margin When the association esteem what it delivers, the more beneficial it will be and the more clients are lured to buy these items, the more upper hand is in this manner fabricated (Mindtools, 2013, p. 1). Watchman battled that if the HR of the organization see how they made worth and on the off chance that they can take an interest in making more worth, they are likely have the option to build up the basic components

It is given that societies are fluid and therefore Essays - Economy

It is given that social orders are liquid and along these lines numerous a part of them, in this example the IFIs will in the long run become unimportant. In any case, similar to any life form self-protection is unavoidable thus henceforth the strategies that clandestinely keep the poor all things considered. They have different automations that guide in doing such, from expanding joblessness which decreases financial purchasing capacity to mechanical damage by appropriation evacuation. They likewise have their fingers in the political field as well however they pretend obliviousness and zero plan in intruding there . That said they do likewise work in a positive way which is help ing span economies of various zones and organizations. They additionally help( ed ) numerous a country form into what they're today. Anyway the annihilation is through the accompanying; Privatization of African economies , endowments, S APs, credit reimbursement periods and strategies and furthermore politi cal obstruction. As per Fischer (2001: 237), one of the IMF's primary commitments to changes is that it stands reliably for a specific way to deal with monetary arrangement. Accordingly, the since quite a while ago run effect of the IFIs comes to past the prompt impacts of conditions and money. T he IMF is an intergovernmental foundation built up by a global bargain in 1945 to make a system for worldwide financial collaboration concentrating on equalization of installment issues and the dependability of monetary standards. it centered and offered a way which has the accompanying impacts; (I) To advance universal money related participation through a perpetual establishment which gives the hardware to conference and coordinated effort on global financial issues. (ii) To encourage the ex pansion and adjusted development of global exchange... (iii) To advance trade security... (iv) To aid the foundation of a multilateral arrangement of installments in regard of current exchanges and in the end of remote trade limitations... (v) To make the general assets of the Fund briefly accessible to individuals for equalization of installments purposes under sufficient shields... (vi) In agreement with the abovementioned, to abbreviate the span and decrease the level of disequilibrium in the worldwide adjusts of installments of individuals . The IMF gives approach exhortation and specialized help to assist nations with building and keep up solid economies. The association likewise makes advances and assists nations with structuring strategy projects to take care of parity of installment issues. IMF credits are short and medium term and are subsidized for the most part by the pool of standard commitments that its individuals give. Every part nation has a quantity. The share around decides a part's democratic force, the measure of remote trade it might buy from the IMF and its allotment of exceptional drawing rights. Because of third world obligation emergency during the 1980s the IMF needed to work as the bank after all other options have run out and acted to stay away from major monetary disaster by giving new advances to borrower nations. The IMF has been scrutinized with respect to its exacting conditions appended to its advances. The establishment has been similar to a reserve funds and advance affiliation as opposed to a business bank. It can loan its assets yet can't make new assets in the manner a bank can make stores. With respect to the World Bank the accompanying; M erged 5 unique associations in particular International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) , International Development Association (IDA) , International Finance Corporation (IFC) , Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA) , International Center for the Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) . In this manner making it a definitive foundation to finance formative tasks for instance assembling schools and wellbeing focuses giving water and power and so on the World Bank makes advances for ventures and with respect to its subsidizing it depends on its capacity to acquire in the global capital markets and commitments from individuals. Casting a ballot intensity of countries is proportionate to the capital memberships. The World Bank is the main association in the field of multi-parallel financing or speculation and specialized help. Pundits for permitting governmental issues defilement partiality clumsy consultancy a nd wasteful administration to rule the assessment procedure and financing of activities. The bank is the world's greatest wellspring of help to creating nations however in spite of the fact that it has continuously expanded the extent of its loaning programs, it can't react to the capital needs of obligation ridden underdeveloped nations. Other than the immediate ,carrot-and-stick impact of restriction, there are

Free Essays on Black Girl in Paris

Dark Girl in Paris is a story about growing up about a keen, little youngster named Eden who strongly states in the primary part, â€Å"I’m not terrified of anything.† Embracing the mental fortitude and assurance of this youthful woman’s audacious soul to purchase a single direction pass to Paris, I flipped pages thinking about what might happen to her. Eden ordinarily needs to help herself to remember something very similar in France. She is following her fantasy to live in Paris, following, as well, in the strides of a portion of her guides, most quite, James Baldwin. En route, Eden learns numerous exercises and is compelled to make penances of her very own pride. She takes occupations that she wouldn’t put on her â€Å"dream job† list, yet does as such out of a need to endure. A lot of this book narratives these elective methods of business. Also, every section is named after her new expert adventure. The occupations stretch the array: gallery control, voyaging partner, artist’s model, live in housekeeper, poet’s aide, darling, English educator, and hoodlum. All through, she is tested to rethink herself, and compelled to address and reevaluate the center of her being. Moving from occupation to work, Eden investigates issues of who to trust, where her sexuality lies, and what it is truly similar to be dark in Paris? A lot of her excursion is centered around her craving to compose, to demonstrate that she can compose, and that she can by one way or another rub facing the ability of other individual Black journalists by emulating their example. Shay Youngblood took a comparable excursion to Paris as a little youngster and this story could be confused with diary. Despite how exact these records are, this novel is a story of the lively soul of a solid young lady. It is a confirmation of the flexibility of the human soul and how our way of endurance pushes us to turn out to be more resilient.... Free Essays on Black Girl in Paris Free Essays on Black Girl in Paris Dark Girl in Paris is a story about growing up about a shrewd, little youngster named Eden who strongly states in the principal section, â€Å"I’m not scared of anything.† Embracing the mental fortitude and assurance of this youthful woman’s daring soul to purchase a single direction pass to Paris, I flipped pages considering what might happen to her. Eden commonly needs to help herself to remember something very similar in France. She is following her fantasy to live in Paris, following, as well, in the strides of a portion of her coaches, most prominently, James Baldwin. En route, Eden learns numerous exercises and is compelled to make penances of her very own pride. She takes occupations that she wouldn’t put on her â€Å"dream job† list, yet does as such out of a need to endure. A lot of this book narratives these elective methods of business. What's more, every part is named after her new expert adventure. The employments stretch the extent: historical center guide, voyaging partner, artist’s model, live in housekeeper, poet’s assistant, sweetheart, English educator, and hoodlum. All through, she is tested to reexamine herself, and compelled to address and reevaluate the center of her being. Moving from occupation to work, Eden investigates issues of who to trust, where her sexuality lies, and what it is truly similar to be dark in Paris? Quite a bit of her excursion is centered around her craving to compose, to demonstrate that she can compose, and that she can some way or another rub facing the ability of other individual Black journalists by emulating their example. Shay Youngblood took a comparative excursion to Paris as a little youngster and this story could be confused with diary. Notwithstanding how exact these records are, this novel is a story of the energetic soul of a solid young lady. It is a confirmation of the flexibility of the human soul and how our way of endurance pushes us to turn out to be more resilient....

Dramatisation Of Macbeth †Explain And Evaluate Essay

Presentation Macbeth is an extremely emotional play since it experiences numerous stages and all through these phases there are blended sentiments among characters and these are depicted as sensational. Macbeth as a play includes numerous subjects as he changes from great to fiendish, love, allurement, desire, quibble, and debasement. These subjects must be depicted as it were, which gives most extreme impact and comprehension of the characters sensation. There are two primary manners by which Macbeth can be sensationalized. Through the language and through physical strategies. A physical strategy is a term I like to use to clarify anything which is done genuinely and depicts the possibility that should be conveyed over. For example garments, lighting†¦ Depiction Through Language There are numerous manners by which Macbeth can be performed through language. All through my examination on Macbeth I discovered many. Shakespeare will in general utilize numerous strategies so as to depict his message through language, and in certainty he utilizes language more than some other strategy. Discourses. A discourse is a monolog spoken by a specific character that is separated from everyone else in front of an audience or accept that the individual is distant from everyone else. It uncovers their inward contemplations and will. With the goal that you as a watcher will have the option to know reality when he as a character doesn’t realize that you do, this sensationalizes the issue that he discusses and places profundity in to it, making it all the more intriguing. Shakespeare utilizes this strategy in numerous events. One primary event in which he utilized a speech is when Macbeth was close to the incredible divider and he is picking climate to execute or not to murder since he realizes that in the event that he does there will be results, he says this to himself ‘ But in these cases, We despite everything have judgment here that we yet show Bloody instructions’. Shakespeare performs the circumstance utilizing this method. Another strategy that Shakespeare utilizes is called Prose. He for the most part does this on characters that are low status however he never dreaded to disrupt that norm. There are just five composition successions inside the entire play. 1. Macbeths letter to his significant other 2. The Porter 3. Macbeth’s discussion with the professional killers 4. Some portion of woman Mac duff’s discussion with her child 5. Woman Macbeth’s sleepwalking A writing is a word to clarify somebody clarifying the subject she/he is discussing. Normally Shakespeare will in general utilize a refrain before an exposition. A refrain is a significant strategy utilized by Shakespeare also. Presumably the most well-known procedure utilized in Macbeth is his celebrated clear stanza (unrhyming lines with a five beat mood: ‘iambic pentameter’). In a clear stanza each line has five iambs (feet), each with a focused on (/) and unstressed (X) syllable: X/X/X/X/X/ ‘So reasonable/and foul/a day/I have/not seen’ Shakespeare utilizes clear refrain deftly, making the musicality of the characters discourse suitable to the significance, the state of mind, and the speaker’s importance and disposition, this is the means by which Shakespeare sensationalizes utilizing this strategy. Shakespeare couldn't do this without making new words to coordinate the clear refrain H. A normal individual would have a jargon of 6,000 words. A gauge of Shakespeare’s jargon would be around 30,000 words. He made new words in such a straightforward and reasonable way. He does this by the utilization of Hyphen. Macbeth is loaded with Hyphenated words, many are natural to the point that we don't remember them as Shakespeare’s. These words help to perform Macbeth in the manner that it adds more detail to anything Shakespeare was attempting to clarify about the circumstance or the character. Instances of a portion of his new words: * New-conceived * Firm-set * New-incubated * Live-long * Bare-confronted * Earth-bound * Lily-livered * Cut-throat This shows Shakespeare likes to perform and make meaning environment with some hugeness inside his plays. Particularly Macbeth is an extraordinary case of his endeavors to depict his performance and critical significance impact on the watcher causing the watcher to see more than he normally should. Shakespeare is never hesitant to rehash himself or normally utilize a word. The accompanying words were utilized the most; you will discover them utilized normally: * Blood (for example Scene Act 1 Scene IIII, when Macbeth says ‘It will have blood; they state, blood will have blood: Stones have been known to move and trees to speak; Augurs and comprehended relations have, by slimy parasite pies and choughs and rooks delivered The mystery man of blood. What is the night’) * Fear (for example Scene Act 1 Scene IIII, when Macbeth says ‘When mine is whitened with fear.’) * Sleep (for example Scene Act 1 Scene III, when the first witch says ‘I myself have the various, and the very ports they blow, all the quarters that they know I’th’ shipman’s card. I will deplete him dry as feed: Sleep will neither night or day) * Night (for example Scene Act 1 Scene III, same as Sleep) * Done (for example Scene Act 1 Scene III, when Ross says ‘I’ll see it done’) * Man (for example Scene Act IV Scene III, when Malcolm says ‘Dispute it like a man’) * Time (for example Scene Act 1 Scene III, when Banquo says ‘If you can glance through the seeds of time’) My last assessment on the performance of Macbeth utilizing language is that Shakespeare is an extraordinary ace of English on account of his various plans to depict numerous things. This is something to be thankful for in light of the fact that it adds more impact to the play and sensationalizes it making more intrigue and profundity it in the manner that each thought includes a specific noteworthiness inside the play. Depiction Through Physical Methods In Macbeth one of the most huge things that Shakespeare utilizes is Imagery. Macbeth is wealthy in symbolism. Symbolism passes on thoughts with such feeling and show and that it is an uncommon aspect regarding Macbeth. There are numerous manners by which Macbeth was performed through symbolism these are some of them: * Portrayal Through Darkness and Light It was utilized in light of the fact that it’s an easy to do technique, which performs the play. The primary ways it was utilized was to characterize acceptable from fiendish. For instance, in a Macbeth play that we watched we saw that when lord Duncan was demonstrated the lights were brilliant to such an extent that you could tell that it was how it is to speak to outrageous great even blessedness. At the point when the witches appeared on the scene the stage would turn dull that the main thing that you could see was their devilish eyes speaking to the extraordinary nothing worth mentioning, the insidiousness. The differentiation between the witches and King Duncan shows that light and dimness symbolism can be exceptionally emotional. One fascinating method of utilizing light symbolism was to step by step decline the measure of light given to Macbeth himself. This is on the grounds that as we probably am aware Macbeth’s character begins to blur away thus does the light just to help us to remember this and make it increasingly emotional and compelling. You can comprehend through light and haziness if something awful will occur or something great. On the off chance that the stage turn all dull and nothing happens you realize something will occur. On the off chance that the stage turns all brilliant with light you realize that something great will occur. This thought of having diverse differentiation of light before every scene can disclose to you climate this scene contains the subject of good or malevolence is really a generally excellent thought in light of the fact that it’s like a prediction going to be satisfied and this makes an emotional impact. Likewise the expressions of light and dimness are utilized in Macbeth, ‘dark night chokes the voyaging lamp’ or significantly progressively emotional is ‘Come, thick night’. * Portrayal Through Clothes Shakespeare had numerous plans to do with performing utilizing garments. One of his most renowned one is his reference to the position of authority of Scotland dresses him in ‘borrowed robes’. Essentially outlining the subject of trickery in a quiet yet emotional manner. Shakespeare additionally prefers to blend various subjects or insignificant subjects in to the issue utilizing symbolism. * Acting and Theater, (‘a poor player’) * Eyes, (‘the eye of childhood’) * Hunting and Sport, (‘bear-like I should battle the curse’) * Hands, (‘with these hands ne’er be clean’) This sort of symbolism again adds more profundity to the play making it all the more intriguing and increasingly sensational by making the watcher consider what is Shakespeare attempting to speak to with his language and contemplations. Talking about considerations, Shakespeare got a kick out of the chance to include network in Macbeth. * Portrayal Through Feasting And Hospitality He included the picture of network in Macbeth utilizing Hospitality and Feasting. Eating together is an indication of fellowship and network. Macbeth’s upset feast speaks to his ethical deception in to fiendishness and murkiness, which removed him to another level, much the same as how the meal transformed from a benevolent level to a humiliation. * Portrayal Through Animals All through Macbeth there are numerous references to creatures. Particularly when Shakespeare try’s to clarify something that is supernatural and frightful. This makes the ideal air for the detestable characters to act in to make a sensational encounter for the watcher simply like the cauldron scene. Likewise Shakespeare likes to utilize winged animals like robins to speak to satisfaction as a result of their singing. The owl is utilized likewise to make the possibility of dimness, the owl just turns out in obscurity thus does Macbeth. * Portrayal Through Babies And Children All through Macbeth there are numerous references to helplessness and blamelessness. Along these lines was effectively done through infants and kids. This is on the grounds that kids can't take activities and can't forestall them either this makes them guiltless. The most emotional model in Macbeth of this sensation method was when Macduff’s family were executed. His child was so youthful and honest that Shakespeare gave us this by his absence of information, the poor kid didn’t even comprehend what a trickster was. * SON:

Helpful Tips for Overcoming a Fear of Panic Attacks

Helpful Tips for Overcoming a Fear of Panic Attacks Panic Disorder Coping Print How to Overcome Your Fear of Panic Attacks By Katharina Star, PhD facebook linkedin Katharina Star, PhD, is an expert on anxiety and panic disorder. Dr. Star is a professional counselor, and she is trained in creative art therapies and mindfulness. Learn about our editorial policy Katharina Star, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on May 30, 2019 Justin Richey/Getty Images More in Panic Disorder Coping Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Related Conditions In This Article Table of Contents Expand Cycle of Fear/Panic Attacks Overcoming Fear of Attacks Keep Practicing View All Back To Top The good news about panic attacks, the sudden surge of anxiety and overwhelming fear that occurs for no obvious reason, is that they usually only last about 10 minutes. The bad news: They can be some of the most terrifying minutes of your life. As a result, many panic attack sufferers start to live in fearful anticipation of future attacks, which can exact a huge physical and emotional toll. But by developing coping skills, most people who have panic attacks are able to manage their symptoms.   The Cycle of Fear and Panic Attacks Panic attacks are typically experienced through a combination of uncomfortable physical symptoms, distressful emotions, and upsetting thoughts. Physical symptoms, such as shortness of breath, sweating and shaking, usually mark the beginning of a panic attack. These symptoms typically trigger fearful thoughts and emotions, which in turn can intensify your feelings of anxiety. For example, you may start to notice unpleasant physical sensations, such as chest pain or trembling, which elicits a sense of uneasiness. You then start to perceive these physical feelings as a danger or threat and you may then react with fear-based thoughts such as, “I cannot control myself,” Im going to have a heart attack,” or “Im going insane.” As fear escalates, symptoms may also rise. Even though panic attacks usually subside within about 10 minutes, a heightened sense of anxiety and uneasiness can stay with you for hours after an attack. Given how frightening these symptoms can be, its not uncommon for panic attack sufferers to begin to fear the onset of future attacks. People with panic disorder often change their behaviors in response to a fear of panic attacks. For instance, you may avoid certain places or situations that you believe can trigger another attack. Unfortunately, avoidance behaviors only ease anxiety in the short run and often lead to more long-lasting fears. This creates a cycle of fear and avoidance that can greatly limit and negatively impact your overall functioning. Put an End to Panic-Related Avoidance Tips for Overcoming a Fear of Panic Attacks As with many aspects of life, the unknown can seem scary or intimidating. But the less you fear panic attacks, the less likely you are to have them. These tips can help you gain control: Educate Yourself A lack of information and understanding may be whats contributing to your fear of panic attacks. The first step in getting past your feelings of fear and apprehension is to gain a better understanding of your symptoms.   Having more information about panic attacks may help you know what to expect during an attack and feel less afraid of your symptoms. 5 Surprising Facts About Panic Disorder Accept Your Panic Attacks Once you understand more about your symptoms, the next step is to acknowledge and accept your panic attacks. This is certainly easier said than done, but resisting your symptoms can often lead to increased feelings of fear and anxiety. Think about your last experience with a panic attack and notice how your feelings of fear and nervousness played a role in escalating your symptoms. By altering your perception of your panic attacks, you may be better able to cope with them. Change Your Response After youve begun to accept your panic attacks, you can start to change the way you respond to them. For example, instead of reacting to physical symptoms with nerve-racking thoughts such as “I’m losing control,” you can learn to respond to the symptoms with increased calm and clarity. Relaxation techniques such as deep breathing, mindfulness meditation, or yoga, can be practiced to help you get in touch with your relaxation response. Repeating positive affirmations such as, “Despite my anxiety, I accept myself,” can also help in getting past fear. By working on changing how you react, you can start to remain in control during panic attacks. Remember the 3 A's The next time you have a panic attack, remember the three A’s: acknowledge, accept, and alternative response. This will help change the way you react to symptoms, help you get through panic attacks with less fear, and ultimately, help you overcome your fear of panic attacks:Acknowledge: The next time you notice increased anxiety or panic symptoms, simply pause and take a breath. Take this moment to recognize that you are experiencing heightened panic and anxiety. This simple act of acknowledging your symptoms at the start of a panic attack can give you a sense of power over your fears.Accept:  Rather than trying to run away from or resist your symptoms, come to terms with the fact that you are having a panic attack. Acceptance doesnt mean that youre giving in to panic, but it can provide you with the clarity needed to get through panic attacks.Alternative response:  If during an attack you start to react with fear or a need to flee, remind yourself that these are simply symptoms of a panic attack and they will soon subside. When frightening thoughts such as “Im going to lose my mind” arise, try to shift this perception by repeating to yourself, “These feelings will pass.” Keep Practicing By choosing to view your panic attack symptoms differently, you may be able to overcome your fear of them. Keep in mind that this process may take time. Its okay if you don’t always react the way youd like. You can learn from your setbacks and use that knowledge going forward to help you make it through the next attack. Keep trying, and over time you may find that youre feeling more in control of your panic attacks. How the Symptoms of Panic Attacks Can Be Managed A Word From Verywell If you experience panic attacks, your first step should be to see your doctor. Panic attacks are the most prominent symptom of panic disorder, a type of anxiety disorder, but these attacks are also often associated with other mental health and medical conditions. If you are diagnosed with an anxiety disorder, rest assured that not only are they extremely common (theyre the most common mental illness in the U.S., affecting 18 percent of the population), theyre also highly treatable. But its important to get help early since anxiety can be harder to treat if you wait. Find Help From These Online Anxiety Support Groups

Wondering Whether to Retake the GMAT

There’s still time to register for The GMAT: Low Scores, Retaking Strategies for Success and learn how to view your scores from the adcom’s perspective and to answer that painful, nagging question: Should you retake the GMAT? But time is running out – register now. Reserve Your Spot: hbspt.forms.create({ portalId: "58291", formId: "bfefbf5c-ff5e-428d-8fe2-d093e2ae1cc0" }); For 25 years, Accepted has helped business school applicants gain acceptance to top programs. Our outstanding team of MBA admissions consultants features former business school admissions directors and professional writers who have guided our clients to admission at top MBA, EMBA, and other graduate business programs worldwide including Harvard, Stanford, Wharton, Booth, INSEAD, London Business School, and many more.  Want an MBA admissions expert  to help you get Accepted? Click here to get in touch! Wondering Whether to Retake the GMAT There’s still time to register for The GMAT: Low Scores, Retaking Strategies for Success and learn how to view your scores from the adcom’s perspective and to answer that painful, nagging question: Should you retake the GMAT? But time is running out – register now. Reserve Your Spot: hbspt.forms.create({ portalId: "58291", formId: "bfefbf5c-ff5e-428d-8fe2-d093e2ae1cc0" }); For 25 years, Accepted has helped business school applicants gain acceptance to top programs. Our outstanding team of MBA admissions consultants features former business school admissions directors and professional writers who have guided our clients to admission at top MBA, EMBA, and other graduate business programs worldwide including Harvard, Stanford, Wharton, Booth, INSEAD, London Business School, and many more.  Want an MBA admissions expert  to help you get Accepted? Click here to get in touch!

Reflection - 971 Words

Andre Trocme and Le Chambon Reflection The story of Andre Trocme and the peoples of Le Chambon is a truly an inspiring given the fact that they helped harbor many Jews from being persecuted. They are truly inspiring because from a religious perspective they have lived a part of the Christian faith that many people never will and as result their story will probably be read to future generations of those who are seeking to live a more fulfilled Christian life. From this amazing yet dangerous story, I can regrettably say that I have never heard of these people or the actions they took to help harbor the dozens of lives of Jews. I think this is so because of several reasons including the very idea of religion not wanting to be taught by the†¦show more content†¦I know that from the various sermons that I have been to all the members of the congregation loved to hear the stories of success, but seldom do they love to hear about what those individuals had to go through. For me I am no exception to this unwritten rule. How many people rustically would want to stick with the very true ideas of Christianity which include caring for the poor and then following a path that would be extremely difficult? Not too many. However, I do think that we can take those lessons from the people who have lived on the side lines and apply them to our lives and to our communities in which we live. Jesus said that the greatest thing you can do is to love your neighbor as yourself and love God with all your heart (Murphy). I truly think that if people follow this commandment as best as they can, then they are they among those whom are the living representatives of the church. Sources Murphy, Debra Dean. The Teachings of Bass. West Virginia Wesleyan College, Buckannon. 28 Aug. 2015.Show MoreRelatedReflection1650 Words   |  7 PagesIan-Bradley Tancred This essay analyses and describes what reflection is and how it supports your personal and professional learning. It elaborates upon how and why recognizing your strengths and weaknesses are important and how they can enhance lifelong learning. It describes what arguments and assertions are, what the differences are between them and which one is better. Debnath describes reflection as a means of self-examination to learn from knowledge and experiences which will help transformRead MoreReflection1479 Words   |  6 PagesReflections Both simple and complex reflections were used. A simple reflection used towards the beginning of the interview transpired into, â€Å"pretty active out doing a lot of things.† Alternatively, a complex reflection used when reflecting on Sarah’s feelings about what her friends think about her not socializing subsisted of, â€Å"it bothers you thinking about them, wondering about your intentions.† I used twice as many complex reflections as simple reflections. Unfortunately, I should have usedRead MoreReflection On The Word Reflection 701 Words   |  3 PagesFor me the word ‘reflection’ means taking time to really dig deep into my thoughts, to contemplate something meaningful and significant, to make a decision that often involves me and my future. It has a personal and emotional connection. Daudelin (1996) uses the word ‘reflection’ to encourage managers to create time to recognise the value of learning from past and current work s ituations (‘experience’) and to adapt this learning to new situations. I would prefer to choose the words ‘thought’ or ‘consideration’Read MoreReflection1218 Words   |  5 PagesReflection on your personal development Reflection is a major factor in developing self-awareness to improve services provided to everyone around me, this is to develop my own understanding in realising the good and bad made previously. 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Schone (1983) recommended reflection on critical incidence as a valuable term, sited in Ghaye and Lillyman (1997) a critical incidentRead MoreReflection Essay1616 Words   |  7 Pagesintegral part of nursing. It will also demonstrate how reflection enabled me to make sense of and learn from this experience, as well as identify any further learning developments needed to improve my practice and achieve the level of competency needed for when I qualify as an assistant practitioner. While discussing the knowledge underpinning practice, evidence based literature will be reviewed to support my discussion and for the purpose of reflection the essay will be written in the first person. SpouseRead MoreReflection On Self Development Through Reflection1854 Words   |  8 Pagesthrough reflection is a key issue of education and learning (Kennison, 2012), where you learn through experience (Tashiro, Shimpuku, Naruse and Matsutani, 2013), learn to self-evaluate (Duffy, 2013), identify gaps in knowledge and detect where further training or study is required to improve practice (Olarerin, 2013). Ultimately reflection is thought to be constant learning from practice, thus refining knowledge and experiences and putting them into practice (Naidoo, 2013). Within my reflection examplesRead MoreReflection Essay781 Words   |  4 PagesI determined that I needed a new interest, something to keep my mind engaged and challenged. I enrolled in the Doctor of Business Administration (DBA) through the Columbia Southern University (CSU) just for fulfillment. This reflection assignment exercise proves to be the catalyst for my future college endeavors. The assignment to reflect on DBA program dreamed of taking steps towards realizing those ideas and course accomplishments right now. Due to time some course assignments, I will embrace,

Feminist Criticism on A Dolls House Free Essay Example, 1250 words

At the play’s onset, it is discernible that a woman’s value prop on the fact the she is a homemaker. Nora Helmer enters her house with gifts and a Christmas tree for the celebration’s eve. It is notable that the husband emerges from the study and teases Nora for being spendthrift. Nora, on the other hand, replies that she can only be spendthrift because the husband is having a promotion (Ibsen 9). It emerges that Torvald is the only person working in the household. Nora interestingly takes pride in the success of her husband at the expense of her not engaging in any meaningful activity. Nora confines herself to domestic duties while Torvald Helmer flourishes in his banking career. It seems Nora believes that formal employment should be entirely a man’s affair. She only manifests joy in her husband’s career development. This also manifests in Kristine’s situation. She later confesses to Krogstad about her intentions of leaving him. She says t hat she had left Krogstad because she was looking for material satisfaction in another man. In spite of the fact that she still held feelings for Krogstad, she substituted her intrinsic fulfillment for a life with a rich man she did not love (Malague 109). We will write a custom essay sample on Feminist Criticism on A Dolls House or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now At this stage, Kristine does not realize she can look for her own money. In this position, the woman is confined to perpetual financial dependence on a man. The men in Ibsen’s society seem to take women’s feelings for granted. When Torvald realizes Krogstad attempt at blackmailing the family, he abuses Norah. After offending Norah, however, Torvald tell Norah to forget everything that had happened. Torvald says that by forgiving Norah, it becomes an act of love. Although Norah is grieving of Torvald’s abuses, the husband believes it is her duty to repress her feelings for the benefits of the family. In this way, Torvald is unaware of the fact that a woman is an emotional being who requires considerable space to sort her issues. Besides, marriage seems as an institution of convenience rather than as a home for making a better future. Torvald seems to have married Nora because she was an insolent woman who could participate in the building of the family. When Norah is about to leave her household, she tells Torvald that he has never understood her. Torvald has constructed a miniscule world whereby she treats Norah as a child. Norah also says that he has never understood her husband, in this sense, her devotion to the husband is merely a way of satisfying certain social ideals.

Ancient Egyptian Civilization - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 513 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/07/29 Category History Essay Level High school Tags: Ancient Egypt Essay Did you like this example? Ancient egyptian civilization lasted for more than 3000 years and showed an incredible amount of continuity. The Egyptians themselves referred to their history in the relation to the ruler of the time. A vast amount of Egyptian imagery, especially royal imagery that was governed. The Egyptians were aware of their consistency, which they viewed as stability, divine balance, and clear evidence of correctness of their culture. The Egyptians had use fulinventions. The Egyptians made a lot of useful Inventions one of them was the Calendar. The Egyptians Devised the solar Calendar by recording the yearly reappearance of Sirius in the Eastern Sky. The Calendar had 365 and 12 months with 30 days in each and additional five festival days at the end of the year. The purpose of the Inventions was to help people keep tracks of days.The Calendar helped people because everyone used it to keep track of days and make time.The impact that the inventions have on us today that we can know what holidays and stuff is coming up and we can make time for events and we can keep track of birthdays. Three interesting facts is that the Calendar was invented in 2773 B.C. The Calendar was not big u could hang it up and look at it. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Ancient Egyptian Civilization" essay for you Create order One of the other Egyptians Inventions was Makeup. Eye Makeup was invented around 4000 BC and its still in style. Both Male and Females wore eye Makeup, Makeup was not worn only for appearance but also for medical, religious and cultural reasons. To the Ancient Egyptians the more color worn by a person the higher social rankings.Even the status of gods and goddess wore makeup. The purpose of the makeup was for fashion and the look.The impact makeup have on us today really changed now makeup really alternated into something different now almost every woman wheres makeup on there face eye eyebrow even eyelashes.Three interesting facts about the invention was Ancient Egyptians combined soot with a mineral called galena to make a black ointment known as Kohl. They also made a green eye makeup by combining a mineral called malachite to color the ointment. And everyone wore makeup. Another invention that the Egyptians inventions that they made was the clock in order to tell time they invented two type of clocks. One of the clock names was Obelisks, they were used as sun clocks. From the use of Obelisks they identified the longest and shortest days of the year an inscription in the tomb of the court official Amenemhet dating to the 16th century BC shows a water clock made from a stone vessel with a tiny hole at the bottom which allowed water to dripped at a constant rate. The egyptians didnt have no trouble getting the time in the daytime and Nighttime. The Egyptians had useful inventions. The calendar was useful because it kept track of days, months, events and holidays the makeup was useful for fashion for both male and females and the clock kept track of time.And in every paragraph i proved why they wear useful.

Post-Post Critiques of Racism - 970 Words

Carrie Mae Weems and Hank Willis Thomas are two contemporary artists who are defying contemporary social and political categories and taking art photo into an engage era. The essays by Annie E Coombes provide a critical analysis of how the contemporary scene is moving beyond categories of post modern, and post race. Both are efforts to rescue contemporary artists who are dealing with forms of oppression from being described as old fashion or out of date. Carrie Mae Weems is an African American photographer. She was born in 1953 in Portland, Oregon and she currently resides in Brooklyn NY. Her work deals with the issues such as identity, racism, gender, etc. Weems moved to San Francisco after high school where she got her†¦show more content†¦The work of Hank Willis Thomas is very much post in the sense of beyond not against. His work draws on modernist critiques of commercialism and racism but combines them in striking ways that make them more acute and totally in tune with today’s realities. Blacks are not longer simply victims or simple, that is, closer to nature, untouched by modernism. These are the agents and object of commercialism and they bring the historical consciousness of racism into the frame. Carrie Mae Weems and Hank Willis Thomas, both African American artists working in the field of photography. Their work is similar as they both discusses the themes of race, identity, popular cultures, but do it in a different way. Carrie Mae Weems finds hidden racist themes in anthropological photographic styles. Hanks Willis Thomas work draws on modernist critiques of commercialism and racism but combines them in striking ways that fits today’s realities. They both can be seen as a different generation with a different take on racism that makes them postmodern while still engage with issues related to race. Weems and Thomas are both artists, which are carrying on a distinctly American tradition in politics and art that is conscious of race and racism. Both are however moving into new areas and could be called postmodern or post racism. Both critiques are trying to reclaim the post-political, or reposition political involvement in art. Art that is newShow MoreRelatedThe Death Of Trayvon Martin1723 Words   |  7 Pagesinstitutions, the politics of race had risen to a central topic of general discussion as we attuned ourselves to the painful subjects that had seized the news reports those days. 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Black twitter is well known for its gatekeeping skills of what it means to be Black and also as a platform for online protests against racism. Most of its users are extremely pro-black and promote a sense of pride in their blackness. So when Symonà ©, in an interview with Oprah Winfrey said the notorious words â€Å"I’m an American, not an African-American, Black twitter was set ablaze. CountlessRead MoreA Rose for Emily by William Faulkner1250 Words   |  5 Pagesspeaks clearly as he uses irony and bizarre imagery to criticize his own southern culture. Born in 1897 in Oxford, Mississippi, Faulkner grew up in the center of southern racism and witnessed the post-Civil War transition of his society (Wikipedia). By carefully crafting the characters in the story, Faulkner is able to critique the typical southern view of African-Americans as well as demonstrate the unwillingness of the older generations to transform their rules and ideals to match the change ofRead MoreRacial Profiling And The Inner City1605 Words   |  7 Pagesinstitutional racism and governmental neglect as manifest in employment and housing discrimination, the proliferation of firearms, the abandonment of public education, the War on Drugs, racial profiling, and mass incarceration. Rather than publicly make such arguments about the roots of Black American suffering, Obama has repeatedly argued for an increased sense of personal responsibility†¦ Such calls may be well intentioned, but when emphasis is placed on social and personal choice instead of racism as aRead MoreHow Teaching Tolerance At Adolescence1387 Words   |  6 PagesAdolescence Can End the Transference of American Racism Introduction Racism has become an issue threatening to our nation, especially in our local and bordering communities. The South or â€Å"The Bible Belt† has always held more anti-black sentiments than territories in the north or west. The term â€Å"racism† has sadly been a common household term since the early years of the United States of America, but it is becoming more prevalent now than ever before. Hate and racism are learned behaviors not given by birth;

Privatizing Philippine Public Service Delivery Free Essays

string(103) " Under the original contract, Benpres had put up a performance bond of \$120 million in favor of MWSS\." Privatization may seem like a perfect solution for deficit-plagued governments, but the morning after can bring some unpleasant surprises. As a city or country drowned in deficits and faced multiple lawsuits, city leaders saw outsourcing as a light at the end of a collapsing tunnel. But it was only a mirage. We will write a custom essay sample on Privatizing Philippine Public Service Delivery or any similar topic only for you Order Now The search for financial salvation is sweeping the country as local governments grapple with waning sales and property tax revenues. The economic recession has strangled budgets, forcing layoffs and the disbanding of departments. Feeling pushed to the brink of bankruptcy, cities are trying to find effective ways to make do with less. Over the year, more public officials have turned to outside sources for help in providing services at a lower cost to the country’s provinces or cities. In theory, the idea of contracting public services to private companies to cut costs makes sense. If someone is willing to fix streets or put out fires for less money, that should be a plus for a government’s bottom line. Many provinces and local governments have identified hundreds of millions of pesos in savings by hiring outside contractors — or a neighbouring city’s services — to handle tasks like trash collection, electricity repair, and water and wastewater treatment. For me, privatization of public services is by no means a perfect solution. Some agencies don’t have the metrics in place to prove in advance that outsourcing a service will save money. Problems from poorly conceived contracts can create cost increases that surpass the costs of in-house services, and if there’s shoddy contract oversight, a government is vulnerable to corruption and profiteering. The privatization of public services can erode accountability and transparency, and drive governments deeper into debt. Governments at all levels are just desperate to balance their budgets, and they’re grasping at privatization as a panacea. But there’s evidence that it often is a very bad deal with hidden costs and consequences when you turn over public service to a for-profit company. Various governments — from small towns all the way up to provinces– have been sending public services to the private sector since the 1980s. The trend stems from the common belief that private companies can help governments save or make money by doing jobs faster and cheaper, or managing a public asset more efficiently. Sterile philosophical debates bout ‘public versus private’ are often detached from the day-to-day world of public management. Over the last several decades, in governments at all levels throughout the world, the public sector’s role has increasingly evolved from direct service provider to that of an indirect provider or broker of services; governments are relying far more on networks of public, private and non-profit organizations to deliver services. Like most countries, the Philippines telecommunications industry was once a monopoly of the Philippines Long Distance Telephone Company (PLDT) overseen by the Philippines government. In 1995, the government decided to privatize the industry and created the Public Telecommunications Policy Act of 1995 (RA 7925) in the hopes of creating a more level playing ground for all companies. The Act was defined as the new legal, policy, and regulatory framework in the promotion and governance of Philippine telecommunications development. The country was divided up into eleven regions, opening up the market to various competing telecommunication companies. The Act covers all telecommunications entities, protects users’ rights, increases the roll-out period from five to three years, enforces the deregulation of value-added services and the complete privatization of all government telecommunications facilities by 1998. The dismantling of the monopoly and opening of the country to other telecom companies has resulted in a drastic improvement in teledensity. Local telephone service is provided by 78 private telephone companies and 4 government units. PLDT, the largest of the local telephone service providers, accounts for 67. 4% of the telephone service in the country. All the other telephone service providers combined account for 32. 76%. The government’s most successful in privatization created a permanent, centralized entity to manage and oversee the operation, from project analysis and vendor selection to contracting and procurement. For governments that forgo due diligence, choose ill-equipped contractors and fail to mon itor progress, however, outsourcing deals can turn into costly disasters. The problem is that outsourcing deals are really about risk. We are taking the risk of the unknown and dumping that on your supplier. We are outsourcing a problem to a company that has limited control over the root cause of the problem. The only way for a public-private partnership to work, is to drive transformation from within the agency, and that’s the hard part. Red tape usually prevents governments from making significant modifications, and private companies lack the authority to enforce real changes. When such a public-private stalemate stunts a project, it helps to have an exit strategy. Before governments hire outside contractors, it’s important to examine the cost-effectiveness. More times than not, it’s less expensive to use public workers instead of outside contractors. Take what happened in Metro Manila, the privatization of MWSS was initially welcomed by residents. Between 1997 and 2001, the two companies granted concessions for the eastern and western zones of the metropolitan area installed 238,000 new water connections, 128,000 of which were in urban poor communities. New service connections, which averaged only 17,040 per year from 1991-1995 tripled to 53,921 after privatization in 1997. Communities that used to have only limited water services found that they had water coming in 24 hours a day. Manila Water was allowed to raise its tariff six times higher than its original bid and Maynilad, which had a higher rate to begin with, was allowed to raise its rate four-fold. Even these rate increases, however, were insufficient to stabilize the situation and in March 2004, Benpres Holdings, the company in charge of Maynilad indicated it wanted to return its concession to MWSS as it was unable to pay its concession fees to the water agency. Under the original contract, Benpres had put up a performance bond of $120 million in favor of MWSS. As a compromise, Benpres forfeited $50 million of that bond but it did not have to pay its arrears in concession fees amounting to Pesos 8 billion. Moreover, Benpres was allowed to continue managing the company although its stake in its capitalization had been reduced to 2 per cent from an original 60 per cent. The Pesos 800 million that Benpres invested in Maynilad were wiped out. All in all, therefore, Benpres was losing P3. 2 billion in the fiasco. Interestingly, Manila Water, which got the eastern zone concession, has not suffered the same kinds of problems encountered by Maynilad. The main reason for this is the fact that Manila Water got a smaller zone of the metropolitan area, a relatively new area where the water infrastructure was not as badly dilapidated. Manila Water also assumed only $80 million of the debt of MWSS. When it was hit by the foreign exchange crisis, the government allowed it to raise its water rates six-fold because it had a much lower initial rate. A good outsourcing deal starts with a thorough cost-benefit analysis to see if a third party can effectively deliver services better and more cheaply than public employees. Government should hire an outsourcing consultant who can provide an independent assessment. But even with a consultant, conflicts of interest can tarnish a golden opportunity. After all, private companies may want to provide a service efficiently and well — and often do — but governments must ride herd on implementation of the contract. A company’s motivation is not the common good; it’s profit. If they can cut corners in any way, they often do. In that regard, the provider that offers the lowest bid might not be the best option. But with our country’s experience in several large-scale government outsourcing deals, we have seen first-hand that in a bidding war, the company that has a liberal interpretation for the lowest price wins, which inevitably leads to strife when high expectations meet underachievement. Anyone can bid any outsourcing deal 5 percent cheaper, but the problem is you don’t know what they cut out. When price reductions appear unrealistic, there’s no magic. They are unrealistic. Even with the proper oversight channels, policies won’t work if departments don’t participate. The laws were created to promote transparency and to ensure that agencies complete an effective cost-benefit analysis prior to procurements. But compliance has been low over the years. With these, I have come up with a generalization that the pros and cons of privatization of Philippines service delivery are as follows: PROS: 1. Government can raise funds to pay off other debts fast because of relieve from financial burden of the public sector enterprises being privatized; 2. It removes government’s monopolistic status and inability to be responsive to citizens’ needs, resulting in inefficient, one-size-fits-all services. Like the above-cited case of PLDT. 3. In practice, all levels of government, seeking to reduce costs, have begun turning to the private sector to provide some of the services that are ordinarily provided by government. The spread of the privatization movement is grounded in the fundamental belief that market competition in the private sector is a more efficient way to provide these services and allows for greater citizen choice. Similar to the goal of the above-cited case of MWSS. 4. With privatization solidly on ground, costs will be reduced at the long run. 5. Public sector workers are not harmed by privatization. Displaced workers can be hired by contractors or transferred to other government positions. 6. It stops loss-making public sector enterprises from adding to government debts; 7. It gives new businesses access to investment capital that government cannot provide; CONS: 1. One of the disadvantages is that the privatized company will no longer operate in the public interest. While a state-owned company primarily serves the citizens of the state, the primary goal of a privately operated company is to make profit. It may make these profits at the expense of its customers without serving them properly. For example, it may choose the market which is most profitable to operate in and leave less wealthy customers without a service. 2. Prices may actually rise if the service was previously subsidized by the government like what happened to MWSS.. This is a common experience after a successful privatization process. This becomes imperative in a bid to provide qualitative service, improve efficiency and profitability. 3. Privatization alone may not lead to better quality or cost reduction in public service delivery. 4. Government no longer receives profits (if it was previously profitable), therefore, the revenue accruing to the government from public sector enterprises becomes shortened as a result of privatization. 5. The standard economic measures used to make privatization decisions fail to accurately assess the real costs and benefits of care. With all of the foregoing, I therefore conclude that privatization, when done right, works well. Privatization of public services is by no means a perfect solution. Privatization is not a blanket solution for the problems of poorly performing public sector enterprises. It cannot in and of itself make up totally for lack of competition, for weak capital markets, or for the absence of an appropriate regulatory framework. But where the market is basically competitive, or when a modicum of regulatory capacity is present, private ownership yields substantial benefits. A good outsourcing deal starts with a thorough cost-benefit analysis to see if a third party can effectively deliver services better and more cheaply than public employees. The success of any privatization arrangement, whichever technique is adopted, will be dependent on the sincerity of government to pursue it with unblemished policy implementation, support, co-operation and understanding of the citizenry. At the onset, privatization bites very hard, but at the long run, the benefits are multifarious and immeasurable. How to cite Privatizing Philippine Public Service Delivery, Papers

Bluest Eye Essay Research Paper Robert B free essay sample

Bluest Eye Essay, Research Paper Robert B. Lewis V March 1, 2001 English 102 Lloyd-Crawford A Quest for Personal Identity Post World War I, many new chances were given to the turning and spread outing group of African Americans life in the North. Almost 500,00 African Americans moved to the northern provinces between 1910 and 1920. This was the beginning of a go oning migration northerly. More than 1,500,000 inkinesss went north in the 1930 # 8217 ; s and 2,500,00 in the 1940 # 8217 ; s. Life in the North was really difficult for African Americans. Race public violences, limited lodging ensuing in slum lodging, and restricted occupation chances were merely a few of the many adversities that the African American people had to confront at this clip. Families frequently had to divide, societal bureaus were overcrowded with people that all needed aid, offense rates increased and many other ensuing jobs ensued. The Bluest Eye by Toni Morrison takes topographic point during this clip period. We will write a custom essay sample on Bluest Eye Essay Research Paper Robert B or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page A chief subject in this novel is the pursuit for single individuality and the influences of the household and community in that quest. This subject is present throughout the novel and evident in many of the characters. Pecola Breedlove is the chief character, and on the quest for individuality, every bit good as a symbol of the quest of many of the Black northern fledglings of that clip. The Breedlove household is a group of people under the same roof, a household by name merely. Cholly ( the male parent ) is a invariably rummy and opprobrious adult male. His opprobrious mode is evident towards his married woman Pauline physically and towards his girl Pecola sexually. Pauline is a # 8220 ; mammy # 8221 ; to a white household and continues to prefer them over her biological household. Pecola is a small black miss with low ego regard. The universe has led her to believe that she is ugly and that the prototype of # 8220 ; beautiful # 8221 ; requires bluish eyes. Therefore every dark she prays that she will wake up with bluish eyes. Brought up as a hapless unwanted miss, Pecola Breedlove desires the credence and love of society. The image of # 8220 ; Shirley Temple beauty # 8221 ; surrounds her. In her head, if she was to be beautiful, people would eventually love and accept her. The thought that bluish eyes are a necessity for beauty has been imprinted on Pecola her whole life. # 8220 ; If I looked different, beautiful, possibly Cholly would be different, and Mrs. Breedlove excessively. Possibly they would state, `Why expression at reasonably eyed Pecola. We mustn # 8217 ; t do bad things in forepart of those pretty bluish eyes # 8217 ; # 8221 ; ( Morrison 46 ) . Many people have helped form this ideal of beauty on her. Mr. Yacowbski as a symbol for the remainder of society # 8217 ; s norm, treats her as if she were unseeable. # 8220 ; He does non see her, because for him there is nil to see. How can a fifty-two-year-old white immigrant shopkeeper # 8230 ; see a small black miss? # 8221 ; ( Morrison 4 8 ) . Her schoolmates besides have an consequence on her. They seem to believe that because she is non beautiful, she is non deserving anything except as the focal point of their jeer. # 8220 ; Black vitamin E minute. Black vitamin E minute. Yadaddsleepsnekked. Black vitamin E minute black vitamin E minute ya dadd slumbers nekked. Black vitamin E mo # 8230 ; # 8221 ; ( Morrison 65 ) . Shouted by her schoolmates on such a regular footing, this contempt seemed non to perforate any longer. As if it were non bad plenty being ridiculed by kids her ain age, grownups besides had to mock her. Geraldine, a coloured adult female, who refused to digest # 8220 ; niggas # 8221 ; , happened to walk in while Pecola was in her house. # 8220 ; Get out, # 8217 ; she said her voice quiet. `You awful small black bitc h. Get out of my house’† ( Morrison 92 ) . By holding an grownup point out to her that she truly was a â€Å"nasty† small miss, it seems all the more true. Pecola was neer able to acquire off from this sort of ridicule. At place she was put through the same thing, if non worse because her household members were the 1s who were supposed to love her. Her female parent was non able conceal her obvious fondness towards a white miss over her. One twenty-four hours as Pecola was sing her female parent at the place where she is working, Pecola by chance knocked over a blueberry pie. Obviously burned by the hot pastry, her female parent wholly ignored Pecola # 8217 ; s feelings of hurting and alternatively tended to the comforting of her white # 8220 ; girl # 8221 ; . # 8220 ; `Crazy foo # 8230 ; my floor, muss # 8230 ; look what you # 8230 ; acquire on out # 8230 ; brainsick # 8230 ; brainsick # 8230 ; my floor, my floor # 8230 ; . # 8217 ; Her words were hotter and darker than the smoke berries. The small white miss in pink started to shout. Mrs. Breedlove turned to her. `Hush, babe, stillness. Don # 8217 ; t shout no more # 8217 ; # 8221 ; ( Morrison 109 ) . Her female parent viewed Pecola as an obstruction that had the potency to acquire in the manner of her white charge # 8217 ; s felicity and accordingly her felicity. Her female parent refused to demo any love to Pecola because it might interfere with more of import things. For a small miss, the love of her female parent is the most of import love she can have. Without that, how can she believe that she is deserving anything at all? Finally the colza by her male parent is the last grounds Pecola needs to believe wholly that she is an ugly unlovable miss. While in most instances a male parent figure is one who small misss look to for counsel and blessing, Cholly is the exact antonym. He hurts Pecola in a physical manner that in one effort measures up to the old ages of hurtful jeer. He took off from her the one thing that was absolutely and wholly hers. After the colza, Pecola was neer even remotely the same. She was so sad to see. Grown people looked off ; kids, those who were non frightened by her, laughed outright. The harm done was entire. She spent her yearss, walking up and down her caput jolt to the round of a drummer so distant merely she could hear. Elbows set, custodies on shoulders, she flailed her weaponries like a bird in an ageless, monstrously ineffectual attempt to wing. In short, after the colza, Pecola went insane. Pecola # 8217 ; s hunt for individuality was defined by her everlasting desire to be loved. Her intent in life was to be beautiful and as a consequence of that to be loved. Her household and community made it impossible for her to of all time be sensibly content. Pecola Breedlove yearned for bluish eyes. At the terminal of the book she believes that she has those bluish eyes. She believes that people treat her good story because they are covetous of her bluish eyes and she has learned to merrily accept that. Pecola yearned for the credence and love of society seen through her eyes. No affair if that credence and love were truly at that place, she thought it was and hence was able to last. # 8220 ; I Soaphead Church, I have caused a miracle. I gave her the eyes. I gave her the blue, bluish, two bluish eyes # 8230 ; No 1 else will see her bluish eyes. But she will. And she will populate merrily of all time after # 8221 ; ( Morrison 182 ) . Pecola found herself merely by traveling insane. Although Pecola is non accepted by society for grounds she does non understand, she puts her exclusion from society into footings she can grok. Society influences her individuality. They mold her into what she becomes by non giving her the counsel and blessi ng she needs. 31b

Western Legal Tradition Essay Example

Western Legal Tradition Essay To what extent did the concepts and institutions of the western legal tradition influence the colony of New South Wales and, ultimately, the development of the Australian legal system? Australia inherited a legal system and a system of government from its colonial power, Britain. An understanding of Australian law requires tracing of development of law and legal institutions in England. Britain shares many of the basic concepts of law found in other parts of Western Europe. The underlying concepts and principles of law of Western Europe are generally referred to as Western Legal Tradition’.Western legal tradition along with English law greatly impacted the legal system in the colony of New South Wales. This essay will explore the influence of western legal tradition on the legal system of New South Wales leading to the development of Australia’s own legal system. Overview of the western legal tradition and its significance to Australian law There are two distinct systems of law in the western legal tradition despite sharing similar philosophical underpinnings. Britain follows the common law and the continental Europe follows civil law.These two systems represent a single western tradition, with a shared understanding that law has a central role to play in all social organisations. We will write a custom essay sample on Western Legal Tradition specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Western Legal Tradition specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Western Legal Tradition specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer It has three main characteristics, a) the autonomy of law it remains differentiated from politics, religion and morality; b) the centrality of law law as a means of social ordering and change pervades in all aspect of society; and c) moral authority of law law is respected, i. e. law should be obeyed as a positive obligation and not for fear of punishment. British concepts and institutionsMany of the legal concepts and institutions like the rule of law, trial by jury, parliamentary sovereignty, representative and responsible government (the parliamentary democracy), judicial independence and many more originated in medieval English history following the Norman invasion in 1066. This conquest impacted on the subsequent development of law and legal system in England. The administration was feudal system. The empire was divided into a number of fiefdoms and each fiefdom had its own law courts. Good governance required unified system of administration and a unified legal system.Unification of legal system was achieved through sending judges around the country deciding civil and criminal cases. These judges applied the law consistently by developing a common set of principles and procedure replacing different customary laws of individual fiefdoms. The body of rules from these rulings became known as common law. Judges applied a principle created in the previous case in future cases with similar facts, and developed the doctrine of precedent. The application of these precedents required a system of reporting and publications.Thus the common law is the by-product of an administrative triumph, the way in which the government of England came to be centralised and specialised during the centuries after the conquest. In 1215 through the Magna Carta many limitations were placed on the authority of the King with the aim of curving arbitrary abuse of power. The King had to agree to rule with a committee of barons. The king also lost the power to tax. No new tax can be levied without the consent of the curia regis. The Westminster model of parliamentary government eventually evolved from this. Development of the Australian legal systemThe acquisition of the Australian continent in 1770s resulted in the introduction of English law in these colonies. The legal system introduced was dependent for its legal validity on a number of British statutes, including the Australian Constitution Act 1900. Between 1855 and 1890 the British Parliament granted a limited right to set up a local system of government (granting of responsible government) to individual colonies within Australia. During the late 19th century efforts were made to create one state out of six independent colonies, and a series of conventions were held in the 1890s to draft a constitution agreed by all colonies.Following a referendum in each colony to approve the draft constitutio n the British Parliament passed this Constitution paving way for the independence of Australia. The removal of British Parliament’s power to enact laws for Australia was formally done through the Australia Act 1986 (UK) passed by the British parliament. This Act also made the High Court of Australia the last court of appeal in Australia. This meant final independence from Britain. Development of a distinct legal system in AustraliaThough the Australian law has originated and developed from English law but due to local circumstances it was impracticable to transplant English law in New South Wales as demonstrated in Kables case. Henry and Susannah Kable were prisoners being transported to Australia. They deposited money with their ships captain but the money disappeared. Under English law, the Kables, being prisoners, were considered attainted and therefore were unable to sue people in civil matters. However, they were allowed to sue in New South Wales, as it was realised that this law of attaint is impractical in a new penal colony where everyone is a prisoner.This case marked the beginning of departure of application of English law paving the way for a new distinct system of law to evolve in New South Wales. However, in line with the western tradition the Australian legal system is based on a fundamental belief in the rule of law including equality before law, the independence of the judiciary. Many safeguards exist to ensure that people are not treated arbitrarily or unfairly. Principles such as procedural fairness, judicial precedent and the separation of powers are also fundamental to Australia’s legal system.Along with these western traditions clearly there were many distinguishing features separating Australian system from English system as manifested in the Australian Constitution of 1901. Unlike Britain Australia has a written constitution. Australia follows a federal system contrary to British unitary system. In a federal system the cons titution distributes the powers between the federal government and the states whereas in a unitary system there is no need for a distribution of powers. The states and territories have their respective government with independent legislative powers.Each of the federal and state governments has three separate branches of government—legislative, executive and judicial. The British Parliament enjoys Parliamentary Sovereignty, i. e. it has the right to make or unmake any law, and a law passed by the parliament cannot be overridden or set aside by another authority. In Australia, the powers of the parliament are limited by the constitution and the Australian High Court can declare a law passed by the parliament invalid if it is unconstitutional. Moreover, the British constitution is flexible whereas the Australian constitution is rigid.The British Upper house, House of Lords, comprises of non-elected nominated members whereas the upper house in Australia, the Senate, comprises of directly elected members representing their respective states and territory. Voting in Britain is voluntary though compulsory in in Australia. From the above discussions it is clear that the Australian legal system and the institutions of governance were influenced, created and shaped by the British law. Despite, these influences due to Australian distinct historical and political needs there emerged a separate legal system in Australia.

How to Write an Admissions Sample Essay

How to Write an Admissions Sample EssayAs in any other degree program, the Post Baccalaureate admission is one that requires your essay. You are encouraged to write a convincing and competent essay for this admission. Your essay should reflect your interests, talents, and values.Once you have written your essay, it is crucial that you format it in a way that it can be read easily by the admissions committee. The purpose of your essay should be to persuade the committee about why you deserve to go to University College, and not just any University College. Your essay should be as convincing as possible, so that the admissions committee believes in you and gives you the admission you deserve.Since there are several essays to be completed on admission test, this means that the student has to organize all the information to make his or her essay easily readable. So, be sure to organize your essay in a unique way. You should make it appear clean and neat with all the facts in it properly arranged to the point that you will find reading it very easy.Your essay should come from your own thinking and insights. Make sure that your essay makes you stand out from all the rest and stands above others and provide the admissions committee with an answer that it has been looking for. Your essay should also be one that you yourself would like to see and is sincere and worth reading.After writing your admission paper, make sure that you do not throw away the points you want to put forth. These points may be helpful to the admissions committee in deciding which college you should get into. Use your essay as a guide to what you wanted to say and what you want to say. If your essay does not read well, then this also means that the admission committee did not get what it wanted to see in the application and you got the admissions that you deserved.Keep in mind that the admissions committee does not take the essay seriously. The students who have essays that are grammatically correc t and informative are those who have a good grasp of grammar and are clear in their minds of what they want to say. These students also have the ability to communicate with other people and convey their ideas in a different way.These are only some guidelines to help you write an essay that is both grammatically and logically sound. There are other things that can help you improve your essay writing skill such as using a thesis statement and analyzing the data points of the essay.

Sami essays

Sami essays Light gleams into the tent and shines into his eyes transferring a reaction to his brain telling him its time to wake-up. Stepping outside he feels the brisk wind bite at his toes sending a chill up his spine which in turn awakens every hair on his body. Its 26 degrees outside, and he is about to start another days work. This is the way the Sami, one of the most indigenous peoples of Europe, live their lives. There are over 75,000 Sami, who have their own economy, religion, communication, social organizations, and way of life. Throughout the Samis history their ancestors inhabited the area before the present borders were drawn. The Sami are divided into 3 subgroups: Mountain Sami, Forest Sami, and Coastal Sami. Each of these subgroups are distinguish primarily on the basis of their subsistence economies. These subgroups are often at times comparable to the 3 subgroups of the American culture: the rich, the middle class, and the poor. Which sequentially are distinguished primarily on the basis of their subsistence economies also. The cultures of Americans and Sami have many similarities and differences. The similarities and differences are based on their environment, economic activities, religion, communication, social organizations, and change. Sami culture is based on the diverse and maintainable use of their territory in order to fulfill the basic needs of the people. Reindeer herding, fishing and hunting as well as gathering natures products and making handicraft are traditional Sami sources of livelihood (Lapps 253). Due to the northern latitude and moderate elevation, winters are long and severe and are followed by short mild summers. In the summers, the Sami grow a few hardy crops, harvest berries, protect their reindeer from clouds of insects, and sell goods to growing number of tourists. Each subgroup has their own use of knowledge on the behavior of nature and animals. The Mountain Sami spend thei...

Definition and Examples of Maxims

Definition and Examples of Maxims Maxim, proverb, gnome, aphorism, apothegm, sententia―all of these terms mean essentially the same thing: a short, easily remembered expression of a basic principle, general truth or rule of conduct. Think of a maxim as a nugget of wisdom―or at least of apparent wisdom. Maxims are universal and testify to the commonality of human existence. It is often difficult to tell whether a maxim means something, or something means maxim.   -  Robert Benchley, Maxims from the Chinese Maxims, you see, are tricky devices. As Benchley suggests in his comic chiasmus, they generally sound pretty convincing at least until a contrary maxim comes along. Look before you leap, we say with conviction. That is, until we remember that he who hesitates is lost. Examples of Dueling Maxims English is full of such contrary proverbs (or, as we prefer to call them, dueling maxims): The bigger the better / Good things come in small packages.Whats good for the goose is good for the gander. / One mans meat is another mans poison.Birds of a feather flock together./ Opposites attract.Actions speak louder than words. / The pen is mightier than the sword.Youre never too old to learn. / You cant teach an old dog new tricks.All good things come to those who wait. / Time and tide wait for no man.Many hands make light work. / Too many cooks spoil the broth.Absence makes the heart grow fonder. / Out of sight, out of mind.Its better to be safe than sorry. / Nothing ventured, nothing gained. As William Mathews said, All maxims have their antagonist maxims; proverbs should be sold in pairs, a single one being but a half truth. Maxims as Strategies But then, we might ask, what is the nature of proverbial truth? In his essay Literature as Equipment for Living, rhetorician Kenneth Burke argued that proverbs are strategies designed for dealing with situationsfor consolation or vengeance, for admonition or exhortation, for foretelling. And different situations call for different proverbs: The apparent contradictions depend upon differences in attitude , involving a correspondingly different choice of strategy . Consider, for instance, the apparently opposite pair: Repentance comes too late and Never too late to mend. The first is admonitory. It says in effect: Youd better look out, or youll get yourself too far into this business. The second is consolatory, saying in effect: Buck up, old man, you can still pull out of this. ( The Philosophy of Literary Form, 3rd edition, Louisiana State University Press, 1967) Maxims in an Oral Culture In any event, the maxim is a handy device, especially for people in predominately oral culturesthose that rely on speech rather than writing to pass along knowledge. Some of the common stylistic features of maxims (features that help us remember them) include parallelism, antithesis, chiasmus, alliteration, paradox, hyperbole  and ellipsis. The Rhetoric of Aristotle According to Aristotle in his Rhetoric, the maxim is also a persuasive device, convincing listeners by conveying an impression of wisdom and experience. Because maxims are so common, he says, They seem true, as if everyone agreed. But that doesnt mean that all of us have earned the right to use maxims. Theres a minimum age requirement, Aristotle tells us: Speaking in maxims is appropriate to those older in years and on subjects of which one is experienced, since to speak maxims is unseemly for one too young, as is storytelling; and on matters in which one is inexperienced it is silly and shows lack of education. There is an adequate sign of this: country folks are most inclined to strike maxims and readily show themselves off. ( Aristotle On Rhetoric : A Theory of Civic Discourse, translated by George A. Kennedy, Oxford University Press, 1991) Finally, we might keep in mind this bit of proverbial wisdom from Mark Twain: It is more trouble to make a maxim than it is to do right.

Public Information Officers Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Public Information Officers Report - Essay Example CSR is not a new concept in the corporate world. The business organizations across the globe, both small and big have realized the significance of being socially responsible from the past experiences of many socially unsuccessful companies such as Enron. It has been well acknowledged by the corporate community that companies that seriously take care of CSR are more likely to sustain than those who do not. In fact, it takes into account the interest of all stakeholders. The benefits of being socially responsible are manifold. Some of the main include: Conforming to the social and ethical corporate practices results in not only corporate citizenship but it offers a numerous benefits as well. Consumers always prefer to buy products of those who are at the helm of CSR. In an article from Practical advice for Business, the relevance of being CSR conscious is illustrated as, "sales of environmentally friendly" products continue to grow - and these products often sell at a premium price. Ben & Jerry's ice cream became as famous for its approach to responsible business as for its products" (Business Link, n.d.). The benefits of CSR companies as an entity of society are manifold. They include economic, social, and ecological benefits. Besides, company's overall performance including financial performance can have a multiplier effect Corporate Financial Performance and CSR The closeness of corporate economic performance and CSR has been a topic of debate among the scholars and practitioners for years. Many studies have been conducted across the globe since the inception of the concept CSR to find whether any relationship exists between financial performance and CSR. Perhaps, all might have come out with positive results, though a very few responded in the negative. Majority of the studies argue that there is a positive correlation between corporate financial performance and CSR (Doran, 1994; Berkhout, 2005). When companies become CSR conscious, they are offered a plenty of benefits (reported above) that eventually contribute to augmented profit. Apart from this, many Studies have been done to analyze whether there is any relationship between the stock price and the economic performance. Recovery after a crisis is typically easier One of the challenges faced by a company that wants to operate under the principles of CSR is that how to balance its social and environmental responsibilities with its more clearly defined economic responsibility to earn a profit. It is important for promoters of CSR to acknowledge that at some point the cost of being socially and environmentally responsible outweighs the benefits. When this happens, most firms will cease to engage in new initiatives. In

Information based decision making Unit 5002 Essay

Information based decision making Unit 5002 - Essay Example Quality Business management is one of the most important business exceptionality of this century. It has added a thoroughly stranded manner to compact by means of imperfections in fabrication, focused attentiveness on clients, as well as painted participative organizational carry outs in business. In this research I will present the main ideas regarding effective decision making through the use of the organizational business information. This research is basically aimed to discuss the overall process and implementation of the business information regarding the effective decision making. The better decision in the organizational environment is very essential and its effectives provide the business better management and handling overall tasks. There have been efforts to reproduce its accomplishment in community services, run associations also information systems. Despite the fact that, business quality management has its main drawing out point in collection of the better and functional information for the better decision making and enhanced project management (Lillrank, 2003). A number of researches pointed out that deprived, defective, not on time or missing information is supposed as a the majority severe business quality crisis. It is emphasized that business information should not be handled the same as a plain by-product of a variety of actions on the other hand by means of the similar significance as products. Quality of information, though, appears to be a subtle theory (Salmela, 1997). Quality of the information is an expression to demonstrate the significance of the most important elements of the organizational information systems. It is frequently described as: â€Å"The potency for utilization of the business information present (Garvin, 1988)" Though this is working for the majority daily functions, experts frequently make use of additional complex models anticipated for business information quality. The greater part of

Environmental factors affecting the Starbucks company

Environmental factors affecting the Starbucks company The Starbucks is being affected by the environmental influences/factors and to analyze these influences, we need to apply the Pest Analysis and Michaels Porters Five Forces: PEST ANALYSIS1: POLITICAL2: The Starbucks business environment especially in Middle East and South Asia was changing rapidly and unpredictably towards worse for the company, due to the declaration of the war on Iraq in early 2003 by the United States. In July 2002, the Arab students called for a boycott of American goods and services, due to the close relationship between United States and Israel, caused the U.S Company Starbucks sales swift downwardly. Moreover, the Starbucks was boycotted at the top list due to Shultz close relationship to the Jewish Community and the rumours sponsoring the Jewish Community against the Palestine crisis. Thus, cause the Starbucks to closed down six stores in Israel for security threats. Starbucks had two class action suits pending since 2001. The lawsuits entitled Carr (Store Manager) and Sheilds (Assistant Manager) at California as exempt employees under California wage and hours laws. The Starbucks is ignoring all its liabilities in these cases, but the company has accepted to the settlement in regards to take care of all of the plaintiffs claims without involving in any protracted litigation. Starbucks is based on importing all their coffee beans, so other possible threat could be change in import laws, could affect the various areas of process and production for the company and could finally lead to change in price, which might impact the level of consumption or sales for the company. ECONOMICAL: The Starbucks also experienced the criticism from Non Government Organizations that wanted the company to get certified beans and those coffee beans should be grown and marketed under some economic and social conditions. In addition, the economic recession in European countries such as Switzerland, Germany, and Japan in the early 2000s and worldwide financial crisis affected the sales and revenue declining for the company. SOCIAL: In regard to the Starbucks Environment Mission Statement that Starbucks is committed to a role of environmental leadership in all facets of our business On the basis of their objective, the Starbucks has announced a list of principles that reflects the companys willingness to make sure its impact on the environment is positive as possible. These principles are: Understanding of environmental issues. Sharing information with our partners. Developing innovative and flexible solutions to bring about change. Striving to buy, sell and use environmentally friendly products. Recognizing that fiscal responsibility is essential to our environmental future. Instilling environment responsibility as a corporate value. Measuring and monitoring our progress for each project and encouraging all partners to share in our mission. The above Environmental principle reflects that the company is more conscious and interested in utilizing their resources in regards to the friendly environment operations. TECHNOLOGICAL: The Starbuck, to earn the profit rapidly and serve more customers quickly rather than focusing on the quality enables the management to replace labour operated machine La Marzocco (which required baristas to grind press coffee for every cup) with the Verismo automatic machine (where the baristas work was reduced to pressing a button) and later baristas grinding complained of being de-skilled. Thus, the coffee quality result in poor coffee house experience, customer experience and overpriced coffee than competitors led existing and potential customers coming through its doors felt down rather than rising. Shultz to achieve the best result spend ten millions of dollars on new coffee machine namely Clover (for making brewed coffee that requires both more beans and more labour) and another machine namely Mastrena (smaller and prettier than the Verismo machine, for making espressos where baristas are still required to push a button for grinding and for each fresh cup of the coffee). The Starbucks needs to re-evaluate what the brand stands for, what it sells and what the consumer experience and values should be. MICHEAL PORTERS FIVE FORCES OF COMPETITIVE STRATEGIES3: THREAT OF NEW ENTRANTS: Starbucks is the leading retailer, roaster and brand of specialty coffee in the world operating about 40 countries in the world. The Starbucks key success is innovating, modernizing, aggressive store openings and strong product differentiation in the coffee industry that limits the new entrants entrance in the coffee industry. For instance, free Wi-fi access to enable customers to surf internet4, prepaid Starbucks card, card rewards and Starbucks gold card5 , improving its coffee line to offer smaller, cheaper cupsxiv w, using new technology that create one cup at a time individually so that the taste remains the freshxv. Whereas the Starbucks has the major threats from fast food chain like McDonalds, Burger Kings and Dunkin Donuts where the capital requirements are not the big problem could be the potential entrants. The economies of scale within coffee industry have risen as the size of fast food chains has varied. The fast food chains (McDonalds, Burger king, and Dunkin Donuts) have very low cost national distribution channels in comparison to the new entrants whose distribution system is not such developed. This group of fast food chain is able to maintain its economies of scale by negotiating long term contracts with farmer buying the coffee beans in the large quantities at discounted prices. There is various cost disadvantages for the new entrants. For instance, the stabilized company in the market tries to get the high quality coffee beans and for new entrants to access those distribution channels is very difficult. The favourable larger metropolitan store locations have already been occupied by the current specialty coffee industry (Adamy, Venti Changes at Starbucks, 2008). The specialty coffee company primary objective has entirely changed from their root direction and distinct in terms of taste of the coffee, stores availability everywhere and charging prices. Ambience of the store, social responsibility and brand identification are now the traits of the company. Due to these new traits the company have gained the loyal customers from their past experience, customer service and fulfilment of the objective i.e. product differentiation and aggressive opening of the store. Thus, all these factors make difficult for new entrants to gain customer loyalty (Gulati, 2007). To conclude, the threat of new entrants is low and barrier is high due to the no substantial capital requirement. BARGAINING POWER OF BUYTERS/CUSTOMERS: Starbucks set the price according to the purchasing power of its customer and the prices at their competitors coffee houses. At Starbucks the prices are not negotiable due to its high product differentiation, enormous selection of coffees, uniqueness and high quality perception perceived power. This is the reason the opportunity for the Starbucks may sell at higher prices (starbucks 2008 another file). Whereas, there is no switching cost to customers to switch due to enormous selection of coffee houses except the minor indirect cost and may take away the patrons from Starbucks. Secondly, the customers have the ability to make their own coffee and Starbucks is trying to remove this threat by offering directions on how to make the perfect brewed cup of Starbucks Coffee at home, known as the Four Fundamentals of Coffee (http://www.academicmind.com/unpublishedpapers/business/marketing/2002-04-000aag-catching-the-starbucks-fever.html) or (www.Starbucks.com) OR http://news.starbucks.com/about+starbucks/global-consumer-products/packaged-coffee-tea/how+to+brew+the+perfect+cup/. Starbucks 20% sales lowered by 2008 in the store located within surrounding area of mom-and-pops coffee store. (Review, Is Starbucks a Broken Brand? , 2008) (starbucks08full) Thus, it is clear that the customers bargaining power have been increased due to the availability of information in regards to market variables and Starbucks should focus on the product competition rather than focusing on the consumer demands to exist in market leadership (starbucks 2008 another file). BARGAINING POWER OF SUPPLIERS: The Starbucks being the world largest importer of the coffee beans may face the rise in prices of coffee beans due to the unmatched between the twin market forces i.e. high demand and low supply, overcrowded market and high quality coffee sought may result in favour of suppliers bargaining power. There is no substitute for the coffee beans that Starbucks may buy. For Starbucks, this is the huge threat because coffee quality sought by the Starbucks is high and previously Starbucks has paid premium on green coffee about $1.20 per pound (starbucks.com). In 2001, Starbucks announced coffee purchasing guidelines for suppliers, developed in partnership with The Centre for Environmental Leadership in Business (starbucks.com) and were based on the grounds of the quality baselines, environmental concerns, social conditions and economic issues. Recently in 2005, the company paid 23% more than the market price for the coffee xvii to abide by the rules and commitments in purchasing the Fair Trad e CertifiedTM Coffee (Farmers who sells the coffee are united by an initiative known as Fair Trade Certified Coffee, organized by the TransFair USA to assess the farmers are paid fairly for their crops and that has exert more bargaining power over the buyers). Thus, there are more substitutes available in the competitive saturated market for the coffee beans except the technological innovations (such as automated coffee machine, latte and espresso machines has more bargaining power) if Starbucks agrees to buy at different rates and this is true that the Starbucks power lies in the hand of the suppliers. THREAT OF SUBSITITUTES: The Starbucks has quite good range of competing substitutes in beverages and food product line like soda, juice, smoothies, fruit, beer, alcoholic drinks, burritos, sushi, burgers and snack food etc. It is necessary for the Starbucks to innovate and differentiate its coffee, beverage and food product line simultaneously in the competitive landscape. Whereas the majority of coffee consumer does not easily substitute away from coffee or coffee related beverages like blended drinks or espresso and the closest substitute of coffee is the tea which is being sold out by Starbucks under Tazo Tea Brand. Moreover, the Starbucks is offering its own branded coffee at many grocery stores locations to hedge the threat of substitutes. The recent study has shown the consumer preference that the beverages like carbonated soft drinks consumption has declined in contrast to the coffee. This gradually gained preference over carbonated soft drinks shows the health concerns and coffee is healthier choice (Harding, 2000). To conclude, Starbucks focus on fresh and tastier baked goods and Starbucks does not need to diversify its food selection as its enough to satisfy the customers (starbucks 2008 another). COMPETATIVE RIVALRY: Porters first force that Porter describes is current rivalry among existing firms. In the specialty eateries industry, Starbucks current and direct U.S competitors are Diedrich Coffee, Seattles Best Coffee, and Einstein/Noah Bagel Corporation (hoovers.com). The competition, however, is not equally balanced. Diedrich Coffee operates 370 coffeehouses in 37 states and 11 countries (hoovers.com). Seattles Best Coffee operates 160 coffee cafes and 20 Italian coffee cafes in 17 states and 8 countries (hoovers.com). Einstein/Noah Bagel Corporation operates 460 bagel cafes in the U.S (hoovers.com). Starbucks has 4,709 locations in over 20 countries (hoovers.com). It is clear that Starbucks has few major competitors, and the competition has nowhere Starbucks volume of operations. Starbucks is the leading retailer, roaster and brand of specialty coffee in the world. Smaller competitors, however, pose potential threats to the company. For example, the average Starbucks location draws on a popul ation base of 200,000 (msn.com). In San Francisco and Seattle, Starbucks draws on population bases between 17,000 and 19,000 (msn.com). In cities where Starbucks does not draw on small population bases, smaller competitors can attract some of Starbucks 200,000 person population base. A slowing industry market growth is another threat facing Starbucks. According to the market research firm Allegra, compound market growth between 1997 and 2001 was 57% (hoovers.com). From 2002 to December 2004, the market it estimated to grow 14%. (hoovers.com). Competitors are selling similar products, including specialty coffees as well as high quality foods. In this slowing market, competition is high.   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Other coffee chains. Examples include Coffee Bean Tea Leaf, Gloria Jeans Coffee, Peets, and San Francisco Coffee House à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Smaller privately owned coffee houses à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Secondary coffee providers. Examples include McDonalds, Burger King, Dunkin Donuts As the specialty beverage industry only grows more competitive, Starbucks dominant positioning with a large market share is continuously under pressure. Since its inception, Starbucks has stimulated the overall market, creating a positive spill over effect that increased the demand for quality coffee beverages. Therefore, even though Starbucks has rapidly expanded, so have local coffeehouses and momà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ andà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ pop stores. Thus, elasticity has increased with the variety of substitutes available to consumers offering the same product: premium coffee, friendly staff, and a comfortable milieu. For this reason, recent trends indicate industry stagnation within the domestic market as coffeehouses are now ubiquitous. Though the trend has peaked domestically, coffee and coffeehouses are still ingrained in the American culture leaving this market profitable. Fragmented rivalry is due to the nature of the industry, which is split between national, regional, and local competitors domestically and abroad. Within the U.S., key national competitors include Dunkin Donuts, McDonalds, and other fast food chains sprucing up and diversifying their beverage menu. However, the targeted customer base differs as Starbucks caters to highà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ end customers with its gourmet drinks. Nonetheless, the Starbucks Corporation must be conscious of its price point, so as not to exclude too many potential patrons. Regionally, the industry may be divided as follows among top rivals: West coast: Coffee Bean Tea Leaf and Peets Coffee and Tea Midwest: Caribou Coffee and Panera East coast: Tim Hortons These companies are better direct competitors to Starbucks than the national fast food chains as they appeal to the same consumer base and offer similar product selections. Caribou Coffee is the second largest corporation within the domestic specialty beverage industry. However, as of September 30, 2007 Starbucks operated 6,793 stores domestically and 1,712 stores internationally while Caribou Coffee operated 447 stores domestically and 17 internationallyxi. Lastly, local competitors such as siteà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ specific proprietorships and momà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ andà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ pop coffeehouses vie with Starbucks as well. While they are not threats to general empire Starbucks has created, they do reduce profit margins as they appeal to many coffee drinkers with their more personal character. These smaller proprietorships are Starbucks greatest competitor abroad, which is Harkness Consulting 6 why recent expansion plans have focused on capturing international markets. Clearly, there are a large number of rivals within the specialty beverage industry creating a rather competitive landscape. Customers do not incur a monetary switching cost in the specialty beverage industry; nonetheless, an emotional attachment to image and reputation keep them loyal to certain brand names. Even though only a superficial difference exists between coffeehouses, firms differentiate their products to capture customers from rival brands. The Starbucks name has acquired a significant status and has ranked as one of the most influential brand names in the American culture. With its wellà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ trained baristas, comfortable atmosphere, and quick service, Starbucks has incorporated important characteristics appealing to customers. In the Starbucks business model, customers are more important than product. However, even though Starbucks is able to sell its goods at a higher price point, it must be conscious of the elastic market. For example, after increases in dairy costs -an input good every coffeehouse model- Starbucks stores felt the need to announce the reason for price increases so a s not to shock customers. The company informed its customers of the pricing discrepancy because it did not want to lose their future patronage due to the economic circumstances at the time. This example illustrates the point that even though Starbucks has brand name loyalty, the company is still susceptible to the elastic nature of the market. Starbucks is able to remain competitive within the market due to its sheer size and business model. As Starbucks takes advantage of economies of scale and scope, it follows a different cost structure than other corporations in the market. First, Starbucks pays less for the products it is able to buy in bulk such as dairy goods, syrups, paper goods, etcxii. For this reason, the company reaps higher margins with its specialty drinks, which also help differentiate itself from other coffeehouses. As customers know they can customize their drinks and the quality of the drink is guaranteed based upon reputation, Starbucks is always in their evoke set. Next, as no cooperative pricing exists in this industry, Starbucks prices its drinks based upon the elasticity of its target customer. Appealing to conspicuous consumption, Starbucks prices are higher than its competitors, lending toward its high trend status. Last, Starbucks is able to differentiate itself due to its commitment to reduce its environmental impact. Again, its size enables the company to seek, incorporate and market these environmentally friendly endeavors. For example, the company replaced cups and cup sleeves with ones that used postà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ consumer recycled materialsxiii. Also, Starbucks adheres to purchasing guidelines, The Commitment to Origins, which promote economic transparency in not only buying the best coffee, but also at premium prices to help farmers. These practices further differentiate Starbucks from many of its competitors. The dynamics of the industry rivalry within the specialty coffee industry has changed dramatically since 1987. Unlike the early days of the specialty coffee industry when Starbucks competed primarily against other small-scale specialty coffee retailers they now compete against companies of varying sizes and different exposures to specialty coffee. Starbucks competes with a variety of smaller scale specialty coffee shops, mostly concentrated in different regions of the country. All of these specialty coffee chains are differentiated from Starbucks in one way or another. Caribou Coffee is a Minneapolis-based specialty coffee chain that competes with Starbucks. They are similar to Starbucks in their attempt to create a third-place but distinguish themselves by creating an entirely different atmosphere. Where Starbucks strives to create an upscale European atmosphere, Caribou coffee tries to implement a more American feel to their coffee houses. They do this by modeling their coffee houses after rustic Alaskan lodges. (Quelch, 2006) Often they will use knotty pine cabinetry, numerous fireplaces and soft seating. Also they offer a barrage of magazines and newspapers as well as the guarantee of speedy service and free refills. In addition, they offer free WiFi, drive through accessibility and meeting rooms for rent. Founded in 1992, Caribou coffee now operates roughly 500 stores, employs over 6000 people and grosses roughly $230 million in revenue a year. (Caribou Coffee, 2008) A Canadian-based company, A.L. Van Houtte, operates roughly 100 corporate out lets and franchises, serving nearly 3 million cups of coffee per day. Through their subsidiary VKI technologies, they have become the world leader in the design, manufacture and distribution of coffee making equipment and related products. They also operate the largest coffee services network in North America serving roughly 71,000 different workplaces in major cities throughout the United States. (A.L. Van Houtte, 2005) As the original inspiration for Starbucks, Peets Coffee and Tea Company which originated in Berkeley, California still poses a serious competitive threat. The three founders of Starbucks purchased Peets Coffee and Tea Company in 1984 from Alfred Peet and later sold the assets of Starbucks to the now CEO, Howard Schultz. Although much slower to expand than Starbucks, in fact, ironically Schultz originally separated from the then owners of Starbucks, later purchasing the company from them because he could not persuade them to undertake an aggressive expansion, Peets has recently opened a new roasting plant in Alameda, California which will enable them to double their current annual sales of $250 million. They currently operate 166 stores in the US and have recently moved into the Seattle metropolitan area, home of Starbucks headquarters and the original Starbucks store. (Peets Coffee Tea, 2008) In 2007, the three Peets locations in the Seattle metropolitan area outperformed all Starbucks stores in the nearby vicinity in same-store sales, store revenue and total customer receipts per store. Peets strategy is to differentiate themselves from Starbucks by creating a super premium brand by offering the freshest coffee in the market. They ensure the freshness of their coffee by delivering roasted to order coffee, which involves roasting small batches of coffee and shipping them to the retail shops within 24 hours of roasting. (Review, Despite Growth, Starbucks Cant Dislodge Local Rivals, 2007) In addition to these smaller scale specialty coffee companies, Starbucks must now compete against two of the largest companies in the fast food industry who have recently entered the specialty coffee segment. The first of these competitors is Dunkin Donuts, who claims to be the worlds largest coffee and baked goods chain. Currently, Dunkin Donuts operates about 5,500 franchises around the United States, 80 stores in Canada and 1,850 throughout the rest of the world. Dunkin Donuts had revenues of roughly $5 billion in 2007. In the past couple years the franchise has put enormous emphasis on their coffee beverages. They serve coffee beverages in an assortment of types and styles including espresso, cappuccino and latte. They also serve their coffee in an assortment of flavors including French Vanilla, hazelnut, cinnamon and numerous others. When 37 Starbucks recently temporarily shut down 7,100 of their stores to retrain their baristas, Dunkin Donuts responded by extending their hours of operation and offering small lattes, cappuccinos and espresso drinks for $.99. (Adamy, Starbucks Upgrades Espresso Machines, 2007) The largest industry rival currently facing Starbucks is the McDonalds restaurant fast food chain. McDonalds originated from a single San Bernardino, California hamburger stand, which opened in 1948, and has turned into what is now the worlds largest restaurant chain with over 14,000 restaurants in the United States alone and gross revenues in excess of $22 billion. The key to McDonalds success has been the consistent quality standards they achieve for their food, coupled with their quick service and low prices. (Adamy, McDonalds Takes on Starbucks, 2008) 10 years ago Starbucks and McDonalds were at complete opposite ends of the spectrum in the restaurant industry. However, McDonalds, encouraged by the success of it s upgraded drip coffee, began testing numerous drinks sold under the name McCafe. Starbucks meanwhile, with its rapid expansion, was adding drive-through windows and numerous breakfast sandwiches, similar to the Egg McMuffins served at McDonalds, to their stores. These measures have drawn the two companies closer together as competitors due to an encroachment into the demographic consumer base made by each company. (Review, Is Starbucks a Broken Brand? , 2008) The McCafe, first conceptualized in Australia during 1993, was brought to the United States in 2001. The concept took a quarter of the typical McDonalds restaurant and added leather couches and a decorative counter on which cappuccinos and sweets were sold. The McCafes did not take hold initially, not making it past their first trial 38 period, primarily due to the poor conditions of the stores in which they were placed. Now, seven years later, McDonalds has invested $700 million in its plan to win strategy, initiated in 2003, which has led to the remodel of thousands of US locations. The project has led to the gutting of many dilapidated franchises by tearing out the molded plastic booths and replacing them with extra large leather chairs. The company has also improved the ambience and atmosphere in many stores by replacing the bright color schemes with more contemporary muted tones and softer lighting. (Adamy, McDonalds Takes on Starbucks, 2008) With a rejuvenated brand image, McDonalds is preparing for the biggest addition to its menu in 30 years. The company will be installing coffee bars along with baristas who will serve cappuccinos, lattes, mochas and the Frappe, a knockoff of the Starbucks ice blended Frappuccino, throughout 2008 and into the beginning of 2009. The initiative is expected to add $1 billion to McDonalds annual sales. McDonalds, which has never displayed food assembly devices, will place the Espresso machines at the front counters in an attempt to engage their customers with the theatrics involved in creating mochas and frappes. Unlike Starbucks, the baristas at McDonalds will not steam pitchers of milk and combine them with shots of espresso but rather will wait for a single machine to make all components of each drink. The competitive threat posed by McDonalds can be summarized by referring to the February 2008 edition of the Consumer Reports magazine, which rated the McDonalds drip coffee as better tasting than Starbucks. (Adamy, McDonalds Takes on Starbucks, 2008) The specialty coffee industry has experienced explosive growth over the past 20 years. As a consequence, many companies have recognized the potential for profit and 39 have tried to capitalize by entering the industry. This has resulted in a drastic increase in competition within the specialty coffee industry. The diversity among these competitors still remains very high but the grounds on which companies are differentiating themselves are changing. As larger and larger companies enter the industry the strategic stakes become higher, pushing some companies such as Dunkin Donuts and McDonalds to differentiate themselves through price superiority. (Adamy, At Starbucks, Too Many, Too Quick? , 2007) In summary, the current impact of the industry rivalry force created by the competition between specialty coffee retailers is very high, especially as contrasted to what it was at the time of Starbucks rapid expansion twenty years ago. The growth of the industry has slowed while the number of competitors within the industry has increased. Both of these factors, in addition to Dunkin Donuts and McDonalds high strategic stakes in the specialty coffee industry , have caused this change from weak to strong industry rivalry. The Starbucks is being affected by the following environmental influences/factors: Customers: Nowadays customers are more fastidious about their needs, requirements, experience and taste. The Starbuck, to earn the profit rapidly and serve more customers quickly rather than focusing on the quality enables the management to replace labour operated machine La Marzocco (which required baristas to grind press coffee for every cup) with the Verismo automatic machine (where the baristas work was reduced to pressing a button) and later baristas grinding complained of being de-skilled. Thus, the coffee quality result in poor coffee house experience, customer experience and overpriced coffee than competitors led existing and potential customers coming through its doors was falling rather than rising. The Starbucks needs to re-evaluate what the brand stands for, what it sells and what the consumer experience and values should be. Competitors: The competitors like McDoanlds and Dunkin Donuts both harmed the Starbucks deliberately by running the websites like dunkingbeatsstarbucks.com and unsnobbycoffee.com to draw the more customers by selling good coffee. Most of the people visited the website and soon Starbucks led to the caffeine withdrawal symptoms. Declining Sales: Economic Crisis: The Starbucks stock price drop to $7 a share and most of its stores in Australia faced closure and thousands of jobs were lost. B. C.